Internal-explosion engine



July 27, 1926.

A. F"! FTER INTERNAL EXFLOS ION ENGINE 3 S'neets-Sheet 1 Filed May 28,1925 INVENTOR v Ezra/22 ATTORNEY July 27 1926.

A. RA'FTER' -INTERNAL EXPLOSION ENGINE SSheets-Sheec 2 Fild May 28, 1923Jul 27 ,192'6;

A; RAFTER INTERNAL EXPLOSION ENGINE Sheet Filed May 28, 1925 '5 Sheets;-

N V R m M n raremedael 27, 1926.

' UNITED STATES ALBERT BAF'IER, OF NEWARK, JERSEY.

INTERNAL-EXPLGSION GINE.

Application filed May 28, 1923. Serial Nix-641,845.

This invention relates to engines in which charges of explosive gasesare fired at fixed intervals within the cylinders, of which preferablyseveral are used, the charges being compressed at each alternate upwardstroke of the pistons, as is usual in engines of the two cycle type. v

One of the objectsof the invention is to provide means for scavengingthe cylinders with compressed fresh air after the explosions have takenplace and effectively dispose of the burned and exhausted gases throughexhaust ports of unusually large area disposed circumjacently of-eachcylinder and connected with common headers, one on each side ofthe'engine.

Another purpose is to produce means-for supplying a current of air undercompression to force the liquid fuel through spray heads into the mixingchambers and also to mix with the gas in forming explosive charges.

A further aim is-in the provision of valves adapted to control-anddirect the inlet of air and explosive. mixture in a new and practicalmanner.

These and other objects, tending to effect a high degree of economy infuel, power in operation, simplicity in. construction and other valuableimprovements,which will become apparent as the description progresses,-

are accomplished by thenovel construction, combination and arrangementofparts hereinafter described and illustrated in'the accompanyingdrawings, forming an essential part of this disclosure, and in whichFigure 1 1s a transverse sectional View taken approximately on lin. 11of Fi 3 through the center of-one of the cylin ers and associated partsof an engine'made: in

' ends and intermediate the cranks as shown, being slightlywider thanthe surfaces 19- accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a pa'rtial'side, partial longitudinal sectional view of theengine, the easment in broken lines and drawn to menlarged scale. Figure7 s a perspective detail view of the combined air dispensing valve andshaft support disposed normally within the crank case.

Beginning with the frame of the engine,

which are reduced in diameter and internally bored, as at 19, at theends and. between the portions in which the cranks opcrate, theconnecting walls between the larger and smaller sectionsbeing'continuous and shapedyin conical sectional form. A shaft 20 passesaxiallythrough the easing and may have attached to its extending endsdriving and fly wheels, as indicated at 21. Said shaft passes throughwiper wash ers '22, attached to the end flanges '23 of the casing,acting to prevent the .entrance of dust to the interior; Fixed to theshaft, adjacent the inner side of the washer 22, is arigiddisc-24fagainst low annular grooves 26 near their "smoothlyfinished sides which fill with oil and-serve as packings.

One each of-these valves aroused at the and formed through the 'valvesare ports,

respectively 27 and 28, communicating-with outer walls, the valves'beingheld from re- 'tati'ng by means of pins 29 entered through the casingwalls" 7 Q The cylinders 30 are shown asintegral with the u per sectionof the casing, being .apertures'27--28' extending through their 'l IThese cylinders are expanded at their upper ends to form a space 33 todeflect the air towards the center oflthe cylinder and to which theupper end of theconnecting rod 36 is attached by the pivob -fil';

The lower end of the connecting rod mounted on crank pins 38 fixeddoextend between discs 39 rigidly secured-to sections of the shaft 20,intermediate the spaces in which the cranks operatgthese phscs havingtheir outer faces bevelled, to agme'e with'the interior of the casingin' which t hey rotate and arranged to slightly ,elear thezsame, their?sides opposite the-crank pinsf being closely adjacent the sides of thevalves 25. I

Theouter faces of one of each. pair of the discs contain openings 40opposite the crank pins into'which air enters from \the larger: ports27, due to the suction of the piston itmoves upwardly, and g i s forcedthrough the corresponding openipg by the piston moving downwardly,inttit, the port 28 in the opposite side-of the valvesfi25.

Air enters the ports'f2l by way of ducts 42 through the aperture 27leading to each unit from a common heas'aen tti supplied by a singleinlet 44 control etl 'by a damper valve 45, the air being dischargedthrough ducts 46 to another head i'on the oppo-f.

site side of the engine.

Engaged with the header 47 isa duct 48 of rectangular cross section, tinthe relatively large area of which is disposed the oppn end of another,smaller duct 49, into W ich is connected a spray nozzle 100 leadi u thevalve 67 nothing but air is entered into the cylinder. the ring 7 9retaining the over i ing from a chamber 101 see Fig. 2 contain ing asupply of gasoline maintained under pressure b air delivered through-thepipe 102 from te header 47. i

Theattenuated portion 51 of the duct 48 extends to the top of thecylinder, to a horizontal header eventually entering an open annularchamber 52 above the cylinder and the continuation 53 of the gas ductenters below a partition 50 in the header 50 to a similar but lowerchamber 54.

Covering the chamber 52 1s a circular plate a 55 see Fig. 6 securedtherein by screw threads 56 and present-ing a. chamber 57 in 5 its upperportion having ports 58 communieating with the surroundin chamber 52.

Below and open to the c amber 57 is another chamber 59 of lesserdiameter and interjacent the chambers 59 and54 is another annularchamber 60 having imperforate inper and top walls, respectively 61 and62 but fully open at the bottom-and provided with ports 63, in its outerwall communicating with the chamber 54.

A hub-like extension 65 reaches down' from the'plate 55 and is bored toreceive a slidable stem 66 having on its end a disc 61 and 68controlling val s'ie 67 adapted to contact and form an i air' an'dgastight joint with the lower edge of the clrcular partition wall 61 andring coiletl expansion'spring '69 abutting at its resprretiveends theplate 55 and a washer plate 70 through which the stem 66 fixedly passes,this stem being periodically depressed by a ta-ppet lever 71,t'ulcru'med on a fined rod 72 and-having at. its opposite end a roller73ac-tuated by-a cam 'Zl, aid-- justably fixed on a shaft 75 and drivenin timed relation to the rotation. of the en- .gine shaft. 20.

Fixed in the valve disc 67ers a plurality of posts 78 their upper endsbeing set in a valve plate ring 79 of washer-like formation, operatingin the space between the walls the outlet of the 'ehaznber 60. r p

It will now be clear that the current at atmospheric air forced into theducth be. comes dlvided, one portion being del1vered. from the annularchamber 52'to the chambers 58 and 60 and held therein by the valve 67. vWhen this valve starts to descend the air rushes through these chambersdirectly into the cylinder, eil'ectually scavenging the same and passingout, when the piston is in its rich gas mixture in the chamber 60., buteventually-the ring will be withdrawn as the valve descends and gasflows into the cylinder. mixes with air from the duct 46 to the header43 and distributed to each cylinder unit by the ducts 42 leading to theapertures 27' communicating with the ports 27 of the ,fixcd valves 25,these ports being in communication with the openings 40 in the crankcarrying discs 39 during a portion lc-westposition, through ports 80extending till? of their revolution, at which timesuction is I caused bythe upward movement of the piston 35 within its cylinder, thusfillingthe space in the crank-case between the discs.

Upon the downward movement of the pie tons, the discs will be rotatedinto position "to close the openings 40 to the ports I compressing theair in the crank case, even;

tually bringing the openings 40 into comtan I munication with the ports28, forcing the air' through the apertures 28 into the ducts 46,. header47 and dispenser 48, where, as haslbeen seen, it is distributed, part ofthe alr being used for scavenging purposes for the cylinders and part tocommingle with the gasoline spray to form explosive charges within thecylinders.

The compressed air is also led from the header 4? totthe gasolinereservoir 101 sov that the pressure upon it is equalized with that inthe distributor 48.

Attention is further called to the general simplicity and compactness ofthe en,- gine and the economical manner in which the gasoline is usedwithout the interposition of a carburetor or other extraneous andtrouble giving parts of like character.

The sprayhead 100 delivers the gasoline in minute jets directly into themixing chamber below the 'hot exhausting ases in the discharge pipes andfrom w'hic it derives a very considerable degree of heat, which heat ismaterially conserved by reason of the duct 53 being partially enshroudedby the air duct 51, its uncovered side facing the cylinders as shown.

The foregoing disclosure is to be regarded as descriptive andillustrative only, and not ias restrictive or limitative of theinvention,

of which obviously an embodiment maybe Loonstructed including manymodifications ed claims.

without departing from the general scope herein indicated and denoted inthe append- Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is 2-- 1. An internal combustionengine comprising, in combination with working cylinders, pistonsoperating reciprocatively therein, a crank shaft androds connectingbetween the pistons and crank shaft,'of a closed crank case,constituting a compression chamber, means for admitting air to saidchamber at the piston upstroke, a dis easing header common to all of thecy inders, means for discharging the air under compressionzto' saidheader, means for dividing the stream of air into portions one of whichis used for scavenging the cylinders and the other to dilute the gaseousexplosive mixture.v

and, a compound valve for the admission of air first, followed by thegaseous mixture, said valve being provided with means for cutting ofi'the supply of the gaseous mixhire prior to the cutting off of the airsupv. 2. An internal combustion engine comprisingin combination with aworking cylinder and a piston reciprocatively operative therein, of awater jacket surrounding. said cylinder, a plurality of ports throughthe wall of said c linder and water jacket, sail" ports being above theplane of the. piston when in its lowermost position, and having an areaequal to the cross section of the cylindex, means for supplyingcompressed air to scavenge thecylinder during the timethe ports areopen,and a compound valve for supplying-,an explosive mixture subseque-nt tothe entrance of the compressed air and prior to the return stroke of thepiston during one cycle of its movement said valve being provided withmeans for cutting off the supply of the gaseous mixture prior to thecutting ofi of the air supply.

3. In an internal explosion engine, a valve for the inlet of air andexplosive charge,

said valve comprising a cylindrical body having a chamber in itsouterportlon con-- taining a plurality of ports communicating withasource of compressed air, an annular chamber having imperforate innerand upper walls'in its lower-portion, said annultr chamber having portsin its outer wall mmunicating with a source of us fuel and being open atits bottom, the annular chamber enclosing an open space concentric withthe upper chamber, a. spring charge. said valve comprising a cylindricalbody having chambers respectively communicating with a source ofcompressed air and an explosive gaseous mixture, a spring impelled discnormally closing both of said chambers, miansf carried by said disc forretarding the opening of the second named chamber, andimeans fordepressing said disc' whereby air is first delivered followed by thegaseous mixture which is cut of? prior to the closing the air chamber.

'5.- In an internal explosion engine, means in the crank case forproducing compressed air, a gasoline tank into which a. portion of theair is entered, a plurally chambered head on the working cylinder, aduct conveying a portion of the compressed air to one of the chambers insaid head, a second duct partially enveloped in the first named ductleading to another of the chambers, a spray head in the last named ductcommunicating with the gasoline tank and receptive of another portion ofthe compressed air, a valve disc controlling the exit of air and of gasfrom said chambers, and means carried by said disc for both opening andclosing the gas chamber-in advance-of opening and closingithe'airchamber.

6. in an internal combustion engine, a cylindrical crank case, means oerative in said case for drawing inzair, ompressing and forcing the airoutward, a gasoline tank subjected to the compressed air, a spray headthrough which the gasoline is vaporized, a duct surrounding said sprayhead, a second duct partially surrounding the first named duct,connections from said case to each duct whereby compressed air isentered thereto, means for controllabiy entermg the combined all andvaporized gasoline 19 into the cylinders of the engine, means forentering pure air from the seconti igxct, to scavenge the cylinders andacompound valve for the admission of air first foiiowed by the gases-usmixture, said valve this 25th day of May, 1923.

ALBERT seer-Tee Cit

